Gar Yein started work as a Lecturer in Law at Buckingham on 1 September 2017. She has held academic posts at Nottingham Trent University (UK), University of Exeter (UK), Central European University (Budapest, Hungary), Universities of Maastricht and Utrecht (Netherlands), and the University of Passau (Germany). She has taught broadly comparative law in the fields of constitutional law and human rights, and has taught a range of English law subjects.
Gar Yein has also been a visiting researcher at University of Oslo, MultiRights project (now PluriCourts), University College London, Institute for Social Sciences of Politics (Cachan, France), University of Utrecht, Netherlands, and IRSIG-CNR, Bologna, Italy.
Gar Yein’s most recent publications cover issues of judicial power from a comparative perspective and AI in law.
Previously, she was an Independent Researcher in the field of Judicial Studies, with particular focus on court and justice management, public law, and procedural law particularly at the intersection between law and technology, from a comparative perspective. Gar Yein has continued to work on projects for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
Educated at the Universities of Central England (now Birmingham City), and Maastricht, she holds an LLB (Hons) in English Law, LLM in International and Comparative Law from the University of Maastricht, and a PhD “Quality of Judicial Organisation and Checks and Balances” from the University of Utrecht, Netherlands.
For more information about publications and projects, please see her website: www.garyeinng.com or her Orcid Profile.
International Advisory & Consultancy
Independent Consultant, OSCE/ Office for democratic Institutions and human rights (ODIHR) Legislative Support Unit (LSU)
December 2025-January 2026
Drafting preliminary comments and peer-review of the draft Opinion on the draft Regulation on the Evaluation of Judges of Ukraine
Independent consultant, osce Office for democratic Institutions and human rights (odihr)
September – October 2025
Independent consultant, Council of Europe
July 2025
Presentation for the regional conference co-organised by the Council of Europe and the Superior Council of the Republic of Moldova on “Strengthening judicial independence and accountability
Independent Consultant, OSCE/ODIHR Legislative Unit
June 2025
Contribution of research to the preparation of an ODIHR Note on the suspension of limitation periods for disciplinary delicts committed by judges, prosecutors, and public officials, or on their orders, that were not prosecuted for political reasons.
Independent Consultant, OSCE/ODIHR
July 2024
Independent consultant, OSCE Programme office in Astana, Kazakhstan
July- October 2023
As part of a project on “Improving the effectiveness of the justice system in Kazakhstan”, I presented on a round table on “Court Administration for an Independent Judiciary” about international standards and practices of court administration in support of an independent judiciary. I also wrote a report, using comparative law methodology, on judicial evaluation, looking at best practices.
September 2021-July 2022, I was responsible for assisting Programme Staff designing an assessment framework for identifying pressure points on judicial independence in legal systems and in reviewing and refining the assessment framework for application.
August 2020-June 2022, I provided expert assistance in the revision of the Kyiv Recommendations on the issue of transfer of judges and judicial independence.
In 2018, I provided expert assistance in the preparation of an OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on the Commentaries on the Codeof Judicial Ethics of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Mission to Skopje
In 2018, I assisted in the revision of legislation on Law on Courts and Law on State Judicial Council. I provided expertise on international standards and principles. I attended a two day working session in Skopje with the expert group that drafted the amendments and with a group of judges.
- Analysis of the existing legislation and regulations related to judges’ performance evaluation in Georgia, including case-weighting system as an element ofperformance evaluation and of recent studies with a view to preliminary identify possible shortcomings.
- Prepare power point presentation for the workshop titled Adequate Judicial Performance Evaluation as an Essential Component for Building Trust and Confidence in the Judiciary: November 2017
- Prepare recommendations for reform to the law on performance evaluation of judges
- Reviewing legislation on the evaluation of judges in Ukraine
- Present findings for a conference titled “Strengthening the system of judicial accountability in Ukraine,” in Kyiv, Ukraine 17 September 2015.
- Reviewing legislation on the evaluation of judges in Ukraine: September 2016
Council of Europe, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Justice Capacity Building Co-operation Unit
- Developing the capacity of the High School of Justice of Georgia (HSoJ)
- The purpose of this project was to develop a new curricula on modern court management techniques and tools; strengthen the skills of the in-house trainers of the HSoJ to use the new training methodology and materials; and the acquisition of new skills by court managers to better manage their courts and use modern court management tools facilitating their work as court managers, and to improve the management of their courts and indirectly the overall court management system in Georgia
- Deliverables: Curriculum, material, training of trainers, and pilot workshop
September- November 2014
- Evaluation Report for the Judicial Evaluation System in Moldova.
- The purpose of this project was to assist the OSCE in assessing the Judicial Evaluation System and its framework legislation and how it has worked in practice to date.
- Interviews conducted with judges, evaluation board and Superior Council for the Magistracy 7-11 April 2014.
- Final report published July 2014.
Council of Europe, European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), Working group on Quality of Justice, “Expertise On The Role Of Experts In Judicial Systems Of The Council of Europe Member States.”
- Delivery of Conceptual Paper and draft questionnaire for meeting 19-20 September 2013, Strasbourg.
- Delivery of draft report 3 April 2014 Strasbourg.
- Final report is delivered September 2014.
OSCE/ODIHR: Presentation of Comparative Performance Evaluation Systems of Judges Organised by OSCE and Council of Europe:
- Roundtable on Implementation of the 2012-2016 Strategic Programme for Legal and Judicial Reforms in the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 11-12 April 2013
Selected Publications
Books:
- Gar Yein Ng, Quality of Judicial Organisation and Checks and Balances (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2007). ISBN: 978-90-5095-649-9.
Journal articles:
- Ng, G. The Transfer of Judges and Judicial Independence. Hague J Rule Law (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-025-00262-7
- Chaudhary, B., Covarrubia, P., & Ng, G. Y. (2024). The judge, the AI, and the Crown: a collusive network. Information & Communications Technology Law, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2024.2375124
- De Facto Precedent at the Court of Justice of the European Union, G.Y. Ng, International Journal of Language and Law (2024); vol 13
- Adaptation of Courts to Disruption, G.Y. Ng, Law, Technology and Humans,Volume 5(1) 2023
- G.Y. Ng, “From Government to Governance, From Judiciary to…” European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance (2022): vol. 10, iss 1, 81-116
- G.Y. Ng, “Judicialization and the End to Parliamentary Sovereignty: Shifting Paradigms in the Protection of the Rule of Law and Human Rights: UK, France and the Netherlands“, Global Journal of Comparative Law 3.1 (2014), 50-96
- G.Y. Ng, “A discipline of judicial governance?”, Utrecht Law Review 7.1 (January 2011), 102-116
- G.Y. Ng, “Quality Management in the Justice System in England and Wales“, in P. Langboek (ed.), Quality Management in Courts and in the Judicial Organisations in 8 Council of Europe Member States, CEPEJ Studies 13, 23-43. ISSN 1999-334X
- F. Henning & G.Y. Ng, “The Challenge of Collaboration- ICT Implementation Networks in Court in the Netherlands“, Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 28 E SI/2009, 27-44
- G.Y. Ng, M. Velicogna & C. Dallara, “Monitoring and Evaluation of Courts’ Activities and Performance“, International Journal for Court Administration 1.1 (2008), 59-65
- G.Y. Ng, M. Velicogna & C. Dallara, “Monitoring and Evaluation of Courts’ Activities and Performance”, CEPEJ Report (GT-EVAL) (December 2007)
- M. Velicogna & G.Y. Ng, “Legitimacy and Internet in the Judiciary: A Lesson from the Italian Courts’ Websites Experience“, International Journal of Law and Information Technology 14.3 (2006), 370-389
Book chapters:
- Gar Yein Ng, Whistleblowing in the Judiciary: Extrajudicial Communications, in ‘Extrajudicial Communication Perspectives and Practice’, Hélène Tyrrell (Anthology Editor), Conall Mallory (Anthology Editor), Hart Publishing 2026
- “Quality of Justice: Substantive Discussion” in “Met recht, raad en daad: Liber amoricum Philip Langbroek” Boom Juridisch, 2023, E. Bauw, A,W,G,J. Buijze, R.J.G.M Widdershoven (eds)
- G.Y. Ng “England and Wales Report” in “Court Management For a Principle of Coordination in Court Management” (“Gestion du tribunal pour un principe de coordination en matière de gestion du tribunal”, 2020, sous la direction scientifique d’Emmanuel Jeuland p161-169
- “Measuring the Unmeasurable?” Bencze,M, Ng, G.Y, in “How to Measure the Quality of Judicial Reasoning“, (eds) Bencze,M. & Ng, G.Y., Springer 2018 p.1-23
- 2. Quality of Judicial Reasoning: England and Wales, in “How to Measure the Quality of Judicial Reasoning“, (eds) Bencze,M. & Ng, G.Y., Springer 2018 pp.103-121
- G.Y. Ng, “Testing Transborder Civil Procedures in Practice: Findings from a Simulation Experiment with the European Payment Order and the European Small Claims Procedure”, in F. Contini & G.F. Lanzara (eds), The Circulation of Agency in E-Justice: Interoperability and Infrastructures for European Trans-Border Judicial Proceedings (Dordrecht: Springer, 2013)
- G.Y. Ng & P. Langbroek, “Comparative Analysis of Ph.D Studies for Legal and Judicial Education”, in D. Piana, P. Langbroek, T. Berkmanas, O. Hammerslev & O. Pacurari (eds), Legal Education and Judicial Training in Europe: The Menu for Justice Project Report (The Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2013)
- G.Y. Ng, “Experimenting with European Payment Order and of European Small Claims Procedure”, in F. Contini & G.F. Lanzara (eds), Building Interoperability for European Civil Proceedings Online (Bologna: CLUEB, 2013)
- G.Y. Ng, “Case Management: Procedural law v. Best Practices”, in C.H. Van Rhee & A. Uzelac (eds), Civil Justice between Efficiency and Quality: From Ius Commune to the CEPEJ (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2008) [this article was republished from another edited book below]
- G.Y. Ng, “Case Management: Procedural law v. Best Practices”, in C.H. van Rhee (ed.), Judicial Case Management and Efficiency in Civil Justice (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2008)
- P.M. Langbroek & G.Y. Ng, “Het bestuursrecht voor de rechterlijke macht”, in Liber Amicorum for Prof. J.B.J.M. ten Berge (2008)
- G.Y. Ng, “Pays Bas / Nederland”, in M. Fabri, J-P. Jean, P.M. Langbroek, H. Pauliat (eds), L’administration de la justice en Europe et l’évaluation de sa qualité (Paris: Montchrestien, 2005)
- G.Y. Ng, “Quality of Justice in the Netherlands”, in The Administration of Justice in Europe: Towards the Development of Quality Standards (IRSIG-CNR, 2003) directed by M. Fabri, P. Langbroek & H. Pauliat
Book review
- “B.J. Ostrom, C.W. Ostrom, Jr, R.A. Hanson & M. Kleiman, Trial Courts as Organisations”, International Journal of Court Administration 1.2 (October 2008)
Reports
- “Assessment of the Performance Evaluation of Judges in Moldova“, OSCE/ODIHR 27 June 2014 (contribution as assessor/independent researcher)
- “Guidelines on the role of court-appointed experts in judicial proceedings of Council of Europe’s Member States“. This document has been drafted by the Working Group on the Quality of Justice (CEPEJ-GT-QUAL) based on a working document by Anke Eilers (member of the Group, Germany) and a study by Gar Yein Ng (scientific expert, Norway) on the role of experts in judicial systems.
Postgraduate Supervision & External Examining
awaiting viva:
2026 Oluwaseyi Ayeni “The Role of The Independence of the Judiciary in the Promotion of Sustainable Good Governance”
Completed
2025 Beenish Chaudhary “Your Honour, Meet AI Exploring the Potential of AI Judges to Replace Human Judges in the Pursuit of Algorithmic Justice”
2024 Brian Penduka, “Measuring efficacy of development indicators under SDG 16.3
External Examiner:
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee ‘THE EFFECT OF COURT CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF SUBORDINATE COURTS IN UTTAR PRADESH AND UTTARAKHAND‘ submitted by DINESH KUMAR, a candidate for the award of Ph.D. Degree in the Centre/Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Presentations & Conference Papers
- April 10 2026 “Recusals And Self-Recusals Of Judges Of The Constitutional Court Of Ukraine” at the “Thematic Dialogue Platform on “Rules of Professional Ethics and Standards for (Self)Recusal of Judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine: Discussion of the OSCE/ODIHR Recommendations”
- July 18 2025, “Ensuring judicial excellence through evaluation of performance: examining best practices for periodic evaluations, including peer reviews, case analysis, and public perception” at the Regional Conference co-organised by the Council of Europe and Superior Council of Magistracy of the Republic of Moldova on “strengthening judicial independence and accountability: regional perspectives and challenges” (international consultant to the Council of Europe, hybrid).
- March 26-28 2024, “Whistleblowing in the Judiciary” at SLSA Conference, University of Portsmouth.
- May 25-26 2023, “The Judicial Independence Monitor” at JAR-Association Inaugural Conference Innovation in Judicial Systems: Human, Cyber and Beyond”, School of Law, University Roma Tre, Italy
- May 18-19 2023: “30 years of Judicial Research: Constitutional Law and “Judicial Transformations and Judicial Governance” in “Steps towards the NextGen Judicial Research Agenda” Bologna, Italy
- January 20th, 2021 “Quality of Judicial Reasoning” at the “Forum: Quality of Judicial Decisions; Research Project UNAM-PAPIIT IA301420” at the National Autonomous University Of Mexico Faculty of Law (online Forum)
- December 13-15 2018; “Performance Evaluation: Separating Judges from Courts” at the “Second National Congress on Human Rights”, at the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews Warsaw, Poland
- June 25-27 2018; “From Government to Governance, From Judiciary to…?”, at ICON-S Conference 2018 “Identity, Security, Democracy: Challenged for Public Law” Hong Kong University
- February 9 2018; “De Facto Precedent in ECJ Judgements: And Overview”, at “Workshop on Precedent in EU law: The Linguistic Aspect”, part of Law and Language at the European Court of Justic the LLECJ Project, University of Birmingham, Law School
- November 14-15 2017; “Evaluation of Judges Workshop”, Presentation of Comparative Experiences of Judicial Performance Evaluation, Best and Poor Practices, Tbilisi, Georgia (OSCE Workshop)